02298nas a2200361   4500000000100000000000100001008004100002260001200043653002100055653002500076653001600101653002100117653002300138653001700161100001700178700001300195700001700208700001600225700001500241700001600256700001700272700001400289700001600303700001800319700001800337700001500355700001300370245011300383300001400496490000700510520140500517022001401922       2021                            d  c07/202110aSalvia bowleyana10achromosomal assembly10agene family10agenome evolution10asalvianolic acid B10awhole-genome1 aXuehai Zheng1 aDuo Chen1 aBinghua Chen1 aLimin Liang1 aZhen Huang1 aWenfang Fan1 aJiannan Chen1 aWenjin He1 aHuibin Chen1 aLuqiang Huang1 aYouqiang Chen1 aJinmao Zhu1 aTing Xue00aInsights into salvianolic acid B biosynthesis from chromosome-scale assembly of the Salvia bowleyana genome.  a1309-13230 v633 a<p>Salvia bowleyana is a traditional Chinese medicinal plant that is a source of nutritional supplements rich in salvianolic acid B and a potential experimental system for the exploration of salvianolic acid B biosynthesis in the Labiatae. Here, we report a high-quality chromosome-scale genome assembly of S. bowleyana covering 462.44 Mb, with a scaffold N50 value of 57.96 Mb and 44,044 annotated protein-coding genes. Evolutionary analysis revealed an estimated divergence time between S. bowleyana and its close relative S. miltiorrhiza of ~3.94 million years. We also observed evidence of a whole-genome duplication in the S. bowleyana genome. Transcriptome analysis showed that SbPAL1 (PHENYLALANINE AMMONIA-LYASE1) is highly expressed in roots relative to stem and leaves, paralleling the location of salvianolic acid B accumulation. The laccase gene family in S. bowleyana outnumbered their counterparts in both S. miltiorrhiza and Arabidopsis thaliana, suggesting that the gene family has undergone expansion in S. bowleyana. Several laccase genes were also highly expressed in roots, where their encoded proteins may catalyze the oxidative reaction from rosmarinic acid to salvianolic acid B. These findings provide an invaluable genomic resource for understanding salvianolic acid B biosynthesis and its regulation, and will be useful for exploring the evolution of the Labiatae.</p>
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