02049nas a2200385   4500000000100000000000100001008004100002260001200043100001600055700001200071700001900083700001100102700001900113700001700132700001600149700001800165700001700183700001300200700001600213700001500229700001400244700001800258700001500276700002200291700001700313700001700330700002100347700001300368700001800381245009900399300000800498490000600506520113700512022001401649       2021                            d  c09/20211 aKai-Hua Jia1 aHui Liu1 aRen-Gang Zhang1 aJie Xu1 aShan-Shan Zhou1 aSi-Qian Jiao1 aXue-Mei Yan1 aXue-Chan Tian1 aTian- Le Shi1 aHang Luo1 aZhi-Chao Li1 aYu-Tao Bao1 aShuai Nie1 aJing-Fang Guo1 aIlga Porth1 aYousry El-Kassaby1 aXiao-Ru Wang1 aCharles Chen1 aYves Van de Peer1 aWei Zhao1 aJian-Feng Mao00aChromosome-scale assembly and evolution of the tetraploid Salvia splendens (Lamiaceae) genome.  a1770 v83 a<p>Polyploidization plays a key role in plant evolution, but the forces driving the fate of homoeologs in polyploid genomes, i.e., paralogs resulting from a whole-genome duplication (WGD) event, remain to be elucidated. Here, we present a chromosome-scale genome assembly of tetraploid scarlet sage (Salvia splendens), one of the most diverse ornamental plants. We found evidence for three WGD events following an older WGD event shared by most eudicots (the γ event). A comprehensive, spatiotemporal, genome-wide analysis of homoeologs from the most recent WGD unveiled expression asymmetries, which could be associated with genomic rearrangements, transposable element proximity discrepancies, coding sequence variation, selection pressure, and transcription factor binding site differences. The observed differences between homoeologs may reflect the first step toward sub- and/or neofunctionalization. This assembly provides a powerful tool for understanding WGD and gene and genome evolution and is useful in developing functional genomics and genetic engineering strategies for scarlet sage and other Lamiaceae species.</p>
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